Saturday, March 21, 2020

Analysing St Francis In Ecstasy Religion Essay Essay Example

Analysing St Francis In Ecstasy Religion Essay Essay Example Analysing St Francis In Ecstasy Religion Essay Paper Analysing St Francis In Ecstasy Religion Essay Paper The Philbrook Museum of Art in Tulsa houses several pieces of art work from the Renaissance epoch that trade with spiritual subjects. One peculiarly interesting illustration of Renaissance art work is Bernardo Strozzi s St. Francis in Ecstasy ( fourteenth century ) . This painting refers to Francis of Assisi, birth name Giovanni di Bernardone. Francis was known as the frequenter saint of the animate beings, environment, and of Italy. He was born into a wealth merchandiser household in 1182. In 1201 he joined the war between his hometown and the nearby town of Perugia. During this clip he was captured and was a captive for a twelvemonth. Following this he fell earnestly sick and therefore began his transition. In 1209 he began the creative activity of a new spiritual order based on entire poorness and sermon. Francis so took his first followings to acquire permission from Pope Innocent III to do it official. Once the order was approved they chose the name of Friars Minor intending sm allest of us which refered to the Gospels ( Matthew 25:40-45 ) . In 1212 a adult female by the name of Claire so joined Francis and was so converted. The transition of Claire set the foundation for the Poor Claires which is the 2nd Franciscan order. The Third Order was created in 1221 and was dedicated to the layman, leting everyone to acknowledge Christ without abdicating the secular universe. During the sixteenth century he gained a batch of acknowledgment through pictures, more so than during his clip in the 13th and 14th centuries for his spiritual work and spiritual art being prevalent in this period. Bernardo Strozzi was an Italian painter born in 1581. By the age of 17 he joined a monastery and finally left 10 old ages subsequently to take attention of his sick female parent after the passing of his male parent. During this clip he sold painting to gain a life. His pictures conveyed the Franciscan instructions from his instruction at the monastery. Strozzi sold his picture for many old ages and was so tried for practising art without being decently licensed. After being tried he spent a short period of clip in gaol for his offense. Five old ages subsequently Strozzi s female parent died and he relocated to Genoa and continued picture and became really good known for his endowment. [ 2^ ] [ 6^ ] During the period that Strozzi was caring for his female parent he created St. Francis in Ecstasy. During this clip Christian art was really popular and with it was the usage of saints in every type of work. Saints are thought to be the ears of God and everything or state of affairs has a saint. Strozzi used many different saints in his plants and one if his most noteworthy plants he used St. Francis of Assisi. Harmonizing to Terry Jones, St. Francis took the Gospels as the regulation of his life, Jesus Christ as his actual illustration. He dressed in unsmooth apparels, begged for his nutriment, and preached pureness and peace. His household disapproved, and his male parent disinherited him ; Francis officially renounced his wealth and heritage. He visited infirmaries, served the ill, preached in the streets, and took all work forces and adult females as siblings, visited and preached to the Saracens, composed vocals and anthem to God and nature, lived with animate beings, worked wi th his custodies, cared for lazars, cleaned churches, and sent nutrient to stealers. He began to pull followings in 1209, and with apostolic approval, founded the Franciscans based on a simple statement by Jesus: Leave all and follow me. In 1212 Clare of Assisi became his religious pupil, which led to the initiation of the Poor Clares. In 1221 he resigned way of the Franciscans. While in speculation on Mount Alvernia in the Apennines in September 1224, Francis received the stigmata, which sporadically bled during the staying two old ages of his life. This miracle has a separate commemoration on 17 September. [ 2^ ] [ 5^ ] The chief focal point of this picture is the aura, besides referred to as a rain cloud. This is placed behind the caputs of spiritual figures and symbolizes ageless life or infinity. Strozzi had non come out of his Carravogesque wonts being that this is an early work and hence utilizations deep colourss conveying decease. The contrast between the dark back land and the aura makes this the focal point of the picture. The look on St. Francis face suggests that he is holding a really passionate experience looking upward presumptively toward Eden. [ 1^ ] When looking at this painting the focal point seems to travel, get downing at the part that is brighter being the caput and so in an upward diagonal gesture towards the upper right part of the picture. In this corner is Jesus on the cross. Throughout the picture Strozzi does non utilize lines except on the cross. Aside from the texture of the pigment there is besides no knowing texture added. Traveling from the cross down to the organic structure of St. Francis you can besides see that the usage of overlapping as the legs curtain over the arm. The rope belt that is seen contains knots, which is used in most pictures incorporating St. Francis, is a signifier of symbolism for poorness, celibacy, and obeisance. [ 1^ ] Last the focal point comes upon an unfastened book resting on a skull. By and large when there is a book it represents the word of God ( Bible ) . An unfastened book represents truth or disclosure. The skull resting underneath the book is understood to stand for decease. Puting the two together can be interpreted in many ways. The representation of these figures in this picture is most likely a statement about St. Francis realisation of his ain mortality. His disclosure may hold been that he knew that with decease came finalisation, nevertheless through the word of God his thoughts and beliefs could be carried on past his ain decease. [ 1^ ] [ 3^ ] [ 1^ ] Symbols in Christian Art A ; Architecture. Web. 01 Feb. 2010. hypertext transfer protocol: //wegast.home.att.net/symbols/ [ 2^ ] Saint Francis of Assisi. Saints.SQPN.com. Web. 01 Feb. 2010. hypertext transfer protocol: //saints.sqpn.com/saint-francis-of-assisi [ 3^ ] Strozzi, Bernardo. St. Francis in Ecstasy. Philbrook Museum of Art, Tulsa, OK. Philbrook Museum of Art. Web. 01 Feb. 2010. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.philbrook.org/exhibitions/galleries/page.cfm? page=22 [ 4^ ] Historical Sketch of the Order of Friars Minor. ORDO FRATRUM MINORUM. Web. 01 Feb. 2010. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ofm.org/1/info/INFhist.html [ 5^ ] Symbols of the Saints in Art. The Whys and Hows of Traditional Catholicism. Web. 01 Feb. 2010. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fisheaters.com/saintsart.html [ 6^ ] Bernardo Strozzi Biography ( 1581 1644 ) . The Humanistic disciplines: Fine Art, Contemporary Art A ; Music. Web. 20 Feb. 2010. hypertext transfer protocol: //arts.jrank.org/pages/16869/Bernardo-Strozzi.html

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

Sociolinguistics - Language, Dialects and Society

Sociolinguistics - Language, Dialects and Society Language is central to social interaction in every society, regardless of location and time period. Language and social interaction have a reciprocal relationship: language shapes social interactions and social interactions shape language. What is Sociolinguistics? Sociolinguistics is the study of the connection between language and society and the way people use language in different social situations. It asks the question, How does language affect the social nature of human beings, and how does social interaction shape language? It ranges greatly in depth and detail, from the study of dialects across a given region to the analysis of the way men and women speak to each other in certain situations. The basic premise of sociolinguistics is that language is variable and ever-changing. As a result, language is not uniform or constant. Rather, it is varied and inconsistent for both the individual user and within and among groups of speakers who use the same language. People adjust the way they talk to their social situation. An individual, for instance, will speak differently to a child than he or she will to their college professor. This socio-situational variation is sometimes called register and depends no only on the occasion and relationship between the participants, but also on the participants’ region, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and gender. One way that sociolinguists study language is through dated written records. They examine both hand-written and printed documents to identify how language and society have interacted in the past. This is often referred to as historical sociolinguistics: the study of the relationship between changes in society and changes in language over time. For example, historical sociolinguists have studied the use and frequency of the pronoun thou in dated documents and found that its replacement with the word you is correlated with changes in class structure in 16th and 17th century England. Sociolinguists also commonly study dialect, which is the regional, social, or ethnic variation of a language. For example, the primary language in the United States is English. People who live in the South, however, often vary in the way they speak and the words they use compared to people who live in the Northwest, even though it is all the same language. There are different dialects of English, depending on what region of the country you are in. What Sociolinguists Study Researchers and scholars are currently using sociolinguistics to examine some interesting questions about language in the United States: There is vowel shift occurring in the North, in which pattered alterations to vowels is occurring in certain words. For example, many people in Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, and Chicago are now pronouncing bat like bet and bet like but. Who is changing the pronunciation of these vowels, why are they changing it, and why/how is it spreading?What parts of African American Vernacular English grammar are being used by white middle-class teenagers? For example, white adolescents might compliment a peer’s clothes by saying, she money, a phrase associated with African Americans.What will be the impact on language in Louisiana due to the loss of monolingual French speakers in the Cajun region of Southern Louisiana? Will the French features of language be sustained even when these French speakers are gone?What slang terms do younger generations use to show their affiliation with certain subgroups and to distinguish themselves from their parents’ generation? For example, in the ea rly 2000s, teenagers described things that they enjoyed as cool, money, tight, or sweet, but definitely not swell, which is what their parents would have said when they were teenagers. Which words are pronounced differently according to age, gender, socioeconomic status, or race/ethnicity? For instance, African Americans often pronounce certain words differently than whites. Likewise, some words are pronounced differently depending on whether the person speaking was born after World War II or before.Which vocabulary words vary by region and time, and what are the different meanings associated with certain words? For example, in Southern Louisiana, a certain breakfast dish is often called lost bread while in other parts of the country, it is called French toast. Similarly, which words have changed over time? Frock, for instance, used to refer to a woman’s dress, while today frock is rarely used. Sociolinguists study many other issues as well. For instance, they often examine the values that hearers place on variations in language, the regulation of linguistic behavior, language standardization, and educational and governmental policies concerning language. References Eble, C. (2005). What is Sociolinguistics?: Sociolinguistics Basics. pbs.org/speak/speech/sociolinguistics/sociolinguistics/.